Rankings and leads survive a relaunch if every old URL points to the matching new page via a 301 redirect, if strong content is not cut, and if tracking and indexing are checked on the day of the switch. Most drops are caused by missing redirects, deleted content or a new site that has accidentally been set to noindex.
Fluctuations in the first two to four weeks are normal while Google processes the new URLs. Check Search Console daily for 404 errors and indexing issues, and review clicks to your most important pages weekly. If individual pages drop for good, a redirect is usually missing or content has been cut.
Related reading: SEO costs: What does SEO cost per month, and when is in-house no longer enough? and Outsourcing content marketing: What should an agency deliver?
As long as possible. Google recommends keeping redirects active for at least a year after a move so that all signals are passed on to the new URLs. Since old backlinks, bookmarks and linked PDFs will keep pointing to the old addresses, the safest option is to keep the redirects permanently.
A 301 redirect tells Google that a page has moved permanently, so the new URL replaces the old one in the index. A 302 redirect signals a temporary move, and Google is more likely to keep the old URL. For a relaunch, 301 redirects are therefore the right choice.
In addition to URL-level redirects, you should verify the new domain in Search Console and use the Change of Address tool there. Connections such as Google Ads, Google Analytics, your Business Profile and important directory listings need to be switched to the new domain. If you can avoid it, do not change the domain and the site structure at the same time, so that the causes of any fluctuations can be clearly identified.
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